Is it so bad cholesterol, as it tell? And if there is bad cholesterol Whether it can be still good? Here's what experts say it ...
The cholesterol content
Cholesterol - normal biologically active substance. Daily human body synthesizes from 1 to 5 g of cholesterol. About 80% of that produced in the liver even a small part - the cells of the body, and the rest - 300 - 500 mg - supplied with food.
Why the body cholesterol? It is necessary for the construction and protection of the cells. For example, the cholesterol in the body leaves to maintain brain and spinal cord (Cholesterol is a structural component of myelin "insulation" nerves). The bulk of the cholesterol goes to the "fuel" for the liver, which are synthesized from cholesterol, bile acids required for emulsification and absorption of fats in the small intestine. In addition, cholesterol is necessary for the formation of steroid hormones (sex hormones, adrenocortical hormones, etc.). A certain amount of cholesterol consumed in the formation of vitamin D3 in the skin under the action of ultraviolet rays. And, of course cholesterol is present in blood plasma.
Bad cholesterol - the good cholesterol
Experts distinguish several "cholesterol" concepts dietary cholesterol, serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol.
Dietary cholesterol - the one that is contained in food are mainly of animal origin.
Serum cholesterol - a substance that circulates in the blood.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoprotein) - a kind of serum cholesterol. It is said about him: " bad cholesterol ". Low-density lipoproteins contribute to the buildup of cholesterol in the vessel wall, resulting in narrowing them (and, hence, poor blood flow) and clogging.
HDL-cholesterol (high density lipoprotein) - on the contrary, it has antisklerogennym action, that is, protects vessels from cholesterol deposits.
According to doctors, cholesterol enters the body with food, should not exceed 300 mg per day.
Speaking of the serum cholesterol content in the blood should not exceed 200 mg. Measurement of cholesterol in this case held by a physician using a special test well if its parameters vary between 100-180 mg per 100 ml of blood. But the figure is more than 250 ml - already considered a risk factor.
Furthermore, it is very important for health to HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol are in relation to each other in a balanced structure. This ratio is defined as follows. Total cholesterol divided by maintenance of good cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol). The resulting number must be less than six.
Keep in mind, when cholesterol in the blood is too low, it's too bad.
High Cholesterol
According to statistics, in Russia the consumption of dietary cholesterol higher than normal (average Russians consume 430 milligrams of cholesterol instead of 300 mg). In 60% of the adult population total cholesterol level is noted as higher. About 20% of this number high cholesterol heart disease threatens.
According to doctors steadily high cholesterol inevitably leads to atherosclerosis - a violation of patency of the arteries that carry blood to the heart. Atherosclerosis, in turn, is the main cause of heart attacks and strokes. In order to know the status of your cardiovascular system, you must once a year make the corresponding analyzes (to donate to the "lipid profile") and to take measures in accordance with the results.
What if elevated cholesterol?
1. Stop smoking . Refusal of cigarettes in half reduces the risk of heart disease due to high cholesterol. This effect gives no medicine in such a situation.
2. Adjust diet . It is necessary to reduce the amount of animal products. And increase plant foods rich in fiber and pectin, which can bind and remove excess cholesterol from the body. Among such products:
- Cauliflower, broccoli, carrots, beets, garlic,
- Beans: peas, lentils, beans,
- Tea: it was found that people who usually drink tea for a diet high in cholesterol, normalize blood levels.
- Oats and rice bran: cellulose contained in them, helps to reduce cholesterol levels by 25%
- Berries: raspberries, strawberries, blueberries, black currants
- Fruit: pears, apples, oranges, peaches, plums, apricots.
People without clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease, experts recommend aerobic exercise available: walking, cycling, swimming, skiing, jogging. Engage be at least 3 times a week for 40-5- minutes. The intensity of exercise should not exceed 60-75% of maximum heart rate. Heart rate is calculated by the formula: 220 minus the age in years.
People with coronary artery disease and other heart ailments training regimen should be selected strictly individually supervised by a doctor and coach.
4. If necessary, consult a doctor and choose the drugs that lower cholesterol.
Low Cholesterol
Sometimes, in their fight against cholesterol, people go so far as to completely abandon fats. This is mistake! Research at the State University of New York have shown that the most favorable ratio of "bad" and "good" cholesterol in the blood of people who share fats in the diet of 40-50 percent. But those who do not consume nearly fat content in blood decreases not only the bad cholesterol, involved in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, but the good that protects blood vessels from atherosclerosis.
In addition, there are studies showing that lower cholesterol in the blood triggers the development of depression. So if you have depression, experts advise, do a blood test for cholesterol. Perhaps it was the lack of it deprives you of the joy of life.
Treatment and prevention
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