What tests need to take a child? Says consultant physician independent laboratory invitro Leila Askerov.
Blood test
General Clinical blood in children - Is the most common analysis, which serves for the diagnosis of most diseases. Usually, the analysis dealt with the first symptoms of the disease (this applies to all organs and body systems, infectious and viral diseases, etc.). From prevention to analysis usually rent:
infants - before each vaccination;
Children older than one year - every year, as well as before the inoculations.
Assay specific antibodies in the blood can help parents overcome such a serious enemy, like a child's allergy. Sometimes it is difficult to understand what kind of product, substance or pet cause an allergic reaction in a child. Special blood tests for allergens will help determine what is causing the disease.
According to a blood test for parasitic infestations can also detect the presence of parasitic infection in the body.
How to donate. The blood of the baby can be taken from both the veins and from the fingers. It is important that blood in children rented an empty stomach. This means that a few hours before putting biomaterial excluded any food and beverages, including milk (even breast - 2-3 hours before delivery of the analysis) and juices.
Analysis of urine
Shared Analysis of urine in the child usually pass within the planned survey, he also used to evaluate the course of the disease, complications, and monitoring the effectiveness of therapy, as well as for the differential diagnosis of diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract. Typically, Analysis of urine in the child sit at the first symptoms of the disease (this applies to all organs and body systems), infants - before each vaccination; Children older than one year - every year, as well as before the inoculations.
How to donate. The day before is not recommended to eat vegetables and fruits that can change the color of urine (beets, carrots) and diuretics. Capacity for analysis must be clean and dry (better - a sterile container, it is sold in pharmacies and is included in the analysis).
Before collecting biological material should be washed thoroughly genitourinary organs of the child. The first morning urination small amount of urine is necessary to try to release in a pot or bowl, and then substitute the container in which to collect about 100-150 ml of urine. For infants typically used special urinal, which is tightly bonded to the body.
Fecal
When the baby is very small, the analysis often pass for diagnosis of various gastrointestinal disorders. Sometimes, in the first year of life of the child has a variety of ailments (diarrhea, constipation, bloating), which may be symptoms of dysbiosis. If their appearance is recommended to pass the fecal bacterial flora. If a baby has been increased flatulence, bloating, and he often vomits, it is necessary to pass the fecal content of carbohydrates - it is necessary to exclude lactose insufficiency (a condition in which the body can not break down milk sugar - lactose). In this case, the child is transferred to the dairy mixture.
When the child gets older, it becomes a problem particularly acute parasitic infestations. According to statistics, the parasites infected 8 out of 10 children, only one of the three sick children there are clear symptoms of the disease, they may be: disturbed sleep, lack of appetite and weight gain, the appearance of allergy in the form of a rash, a violation of stool, itching in the anal area hole, cough. Therefore, take fecal parasitic infestation must be regularly: for prophylaxis - each year, and for admission to kindergarten; for students - at the beginning of each school year; as well as the appearance of any of these symptoms.
How to donate. Capacity for analysis must be clean and dry (best of all - a special container). If the material is collected for analysis before, be sure to place the container in the refrigerator. 
PCR diagnostics (blood tests, sputum or urine)
This is one of the important methods of the survey, which is used for the diagnosis of viral and infectious diseases. These diseases have similar symptoms: the child's sore throat, temperature rises to 37-38 C and a cough. However, germs may be different, and therefore they need to be treated differently. And, most importantly, you need to take the tests already at the first symptoms that many bacteria are sensitive to therapy, so "late" analysis is uninformative. In addition, research on topical prophylactic infection of a family of herpesviruses - is Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, which may be present in the body of the child asymptomatic for tightening other diseases and reducing immunity.
How to donate. Blood for analysis is dealt in the same manner as a common clinical blood. Sputum (secretions from the upper respiratory tract) should be collected in a sterile container. The biomaterial for the analysis of urine collected as well as recommended for the general analysis of urine.
Microbiological studies of smears from the pharynx and nose
Used for the prevention of diseases of the ear, nose and throat (otitis media, pharyngitis, etc.) caused by Staphylococcus aureus may be. This analysis also need to take at the first sign of the disease (not to start treatment) and prophylactic if someone in the family is already sick.
How to donate. Before any smears can not brush their teeth and drink water (for throat swabs) can not be processed using the nose drops and solutions (at least during the day).
Healthy Child
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